Sources

  • 1. Michael McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003)

  • 2. The National Security League, “What the Immigrant Can Do For Himself” in “Americanization: What Is It?—What To Do,” (New York: National Security League), 6.

  • 3. Meg Hacker, "When Saying "I Do" Meant Giving Up Your Citizenship," Prologue, Spring 2014.

  • 4. 1917 Immigration Act: An act to regulate the immigration of aliens to, and the residence of aliens in, the United States. H.R. 10384; Pub.L. 301; 39 Stat. 874. 64th Congress; February 5th, 1917: 874-898.

  • 5. Emergency Quota Law: An act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States. H.R. 4075; Pub.L. 67-5; 42 Stat. 5. 67th Congress; May 19, 1921: 5-7.

  • 6. Robert K. Murray, The 103rd Ballot: Democrats and the Disaster in Madison Square Garden (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), 7.

  • 7. Mae M. Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004)

  • 8. Robert D. Ward, "The Origin and Activities of the National Security League, 1914-1919," The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 47, no. 1 (June 1960): 51.

  • 9. United States House of Representatives, Special Committee on National Security League: Hearings ... On H. Res. 469, to Investigate And Make Report As to the Officers, Membership, Financial Support, Expenditures, General Character, Activities And Purposes of the National Security League, a Corporation of New York, And of Any Associated Organizations. Dec. 19, 1918-Feb. 22, 1919. Washington: Gov. Prtg. Off., 191819: 102-103, 108.

  • 10. United States House of Representatives, Special Committee on National Security League: Hearings ... On H. Res. 469, to Investigate And Make Report As to the Officers, Membership, Financial Support, Expenditures, General Character, Activities And Purposes of the National Security League, a Corporation of New York, And of Any Associated Organizations. Dec. 19, 1918-Feb. 22, 1919. Washington: Gov. Prtg. Off., 191819: 184.

  • 11. Robert D. Ward, "The Origin and Activities of the National Security League, 1914-1919," The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 47, no. 1 (June 1960): 59.

  • 12. United States House of Representatives, National Security League, Special Committee on National Security League: Hearings ... On H. Res. 469, to Investigate And Make Report As to the Officers, Membership, Financial Support, Expenditures, General Character, Activities And Purposes of the National Security League, a Corporation of New York, And of Any Associated Organizations. Dec. 19, 1918-Feb. 22, 1919. Washington: Gov. Prtg. Off., 191819: 158.

  • 13. John Carver Edwards, Patriots in Pinstripe: Men of the National Security League, (Washington: University Press of America, 1982): 141.

  • 14. James Brown Scott, “Elihu Root (1845-1937)” in American Philosophical Society Year Book 1937: January 1, 1937 - December 31, 1937, (Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1938), 387..

  • 15. Joseph H. Choate, "Address of Joseph H. Choate: At the Opening of the Museum Building March 30, 1880," The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 12, no. 6 (1917): 126-129.

  • 16. Jonathan E. Rhoads, “Oliver Hazard Perry Pepper (1884-1962)” in American Philosophical Society Year Book 1961: January 1, 1961 - December 31, 1961, (Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1962), 159.

  • 17. Albert D. Mead, “Hermon Carey Bumpus (1862-1943)” in American Philosophical Society Year Book 1943: January 1, 1943 - December 31, 1943, (Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1944), 371.

  • 18. George Harrison Shull papers, 1874-1955, American Philosophical Society, Mss.B.Sh92.

  • 19. E. Newton Harvey, “George Harrison Shull (1874-1954)” in American Philosophical Society Year Book 1954: January 1, 1954 - December 31, 1954, (Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1955), 446.